{"id":7212,"date":"2021-12-31T17:12:26","date_gmt":"2021-12-31T15:12:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/?page_id=7212"},"modified":"2023-09-07T14:48:01","modified_gmt":"2023-09-07T12:48:01","slug":"avr-gcc-toolchain","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/guides\/avr-gcc-toolchain\/","title":{"rendered":"AVR GCC Toolchain &#8211; Setup for Windows"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>This tutorial will guide you through the installation and setup of the <strong>AVR GCC Toolchain<\/strong> under Microsoft Windows. You&#8217;ll also learn how to install some additional and useful tools that will help you write easier your first microcontroller programs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Prerequisites<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>What do we need to complete this guide?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Computer with Microsoft Windows &#8211; version 7, 8, or 10.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Administrative access to Windows.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>One USB port &#8211; available for use.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ISP programmer &#8211; type USBasp is recommended.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AVR-powered microcontroller board &#8211; we use, as always, a <a href=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/products\/\">Tinusaur<\/a> board.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>NOTE: It takes about 2 hours for an inexperienced person to do it.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/GNU-GCC-AVR.jpg\" alt=\"GNU GCC AVR Toolchain\" class=\"wp-image-7227\" style=\"width:370px;height:200px\" width=\"370\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/GNU-GCC-AVR.jpg 740w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/GNU-GCC-AVR-300x162.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/GNU-GCC-AVR-600x324.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong>What is AVR GCC Toolchain?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>AVR GCC Toolchain<\/strong> is a collection of tools and libraries used to compile your code for the AVR microcontrollers. This collection includes a compiler, assembler, linker, and some libraries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Most of the tools are based on efforts from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\">GNU<\/a> community (GCC stands for <strong>G<\/strong>NU <strong>C<\/strong>ompiler <strong>C<\/strong>ollection), and some others are developed by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.microchip.com\/\">Microchip<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <strong>What is WINAVR?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/winavr.sourceforge.net\"><strong>WINAVR<\/strong><\/a> is a great project or rather <em>was<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/winavr_logo_cs600x80.jpg\" alt=\"WinAVR\" class=\"wp-image-7203\" style=\"width:450px;height:60px\" width=\"450\" height=\"60\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/winavr_logo_cs600x80.jpg 600w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/winavr_logo_cs600x80-300x40.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>It was an installation package for Windows that contained everything you needed to compile your C or C++ code for AVR microcontroller under Windows and most importantly, for people like me, it allowed us to do it in the text console.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The most \u201crecent\u201d <strong>WINAVR <\/strong>files are from <strong>2010-01-20<\/strong>. \ud83d\ude42 In other words, it is outdated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are many projects that attempted to replace it but none of them (AFAIK) is extremely popular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>This guide <\/strong>will walk you through the steps on how to setup everything manually. There is no installation package that you could run and that will do everything for you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <strong>AVR GCC Toolchain &#8211; Setup for Windows<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/electronics_05_pngwave-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"Microcontroller\" class=\"wp-image-7229\" style=\"width:144px;height:144px\" width=\"144\" height=\"144\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/electronics_05_pngwave-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/electronics_05_pngwave-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/electronics_05_pngwave-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/electronics_05_pngwave-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/electronics_05_pngwave-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/electronics_05_pngwave-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/electronics_05_pngwave.png 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 144px) 100vw, 144px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>To setup and use AVR GCC Toolchain we need 3 essential components:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>AVR GCC &#8211; Windows Binary<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GNU Make &#8211; on Windows<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AVRDUDE &#8211; on Windows<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>All the suggested downloads, folders, and file names are based on our own setup and some of them could be changed according to your preferences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>AVR GCC &#8211; Windows Binary<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s start with the <strong>AVR GCC<\/strong>. Let\u2019s download it from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.microchip.com\/\">Microchip<\/a> website.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Toolchains for AVR\u00ae Microcontrollers (MCUs)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microchip.com\/en-us\/tools-resources\/develop\/microchip-studio\/gcc-compilers\/\">https:\/\/www.microchip.com\/en-us\/tools-resources\/develop\/microchip-studio\/gcc-compilers\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>On the page, look for &#8220;AVR 8-bit Toolchain v3.62 \u2013 Windows&#8221; or similar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You will need an account (free registration) to download the ZIP archive. It is debatable if this Free and Open Source software should be put behind a registration wall, but it is rather an ethical issue than legal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Create a \u201c<strong>Programs<\/strong>\u201d folder (if it does not exist already) for the various programs that we\u2019re going to install. The name and location are up to you, those given here are just an example.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">C:\\Users\\MY_USER_NAME\\Programs\\<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Extract the contents of the ZIP file in the \u201c<strong>Programs<\/strong>\u201d folder. All the folders and files should be in an \u201c<strong>avr8-gnu-toolchain-win32_x86\u201d folder<\/strong>\u201d. Let\u2019s rename that to \u201c<strong>avr8-gnu-toolchain<\/strong>\u201d just to simplify thong &#8211; it is not required.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Toolchain is now at:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">C:\\Users\\MY_USER_NAME\\Programs\\avr8-gnu-toolchain\\<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The sub-folders should look something like this: avr, bin, doc, i686-w64-mingw32, include, info, lib, libexec, man, share.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Do not<\/strong> add anything to your Windows Environment PATH variable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-ca9a91d7 gb-headline-text\"><strong>Alternatives<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>There is a very interesting project that you could use as an alternative:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>AVR-GCC 11.1.0 for Windows 32 and 64 bit<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-zak-039-s-electronics-blog wp-block-embed-zak-039-s-electronics-blog\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/blog.zakkemble.net\/avr-gcc-builds\/\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The AVRGCCStart.cmd Script<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It would\u2019ve been very convenient if there was a command that would start the console development environment for us. So, let\u2019s create a short command prompt script that will setup everything for us. Let\u2019s call it <strong>AVR GCC Toolchain STARTER<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Instead of adding the file system Path of the Toolchain to the system PATH (in the environment variables) we are going to create that simple command prompt script that will do this only for the command prompt that we will open with that script. The advantage of doing it this way is that we\u2019re not going to \u201ccontaminate\u201d the system PATH variable with too many executables and libraries. Doing otherwise might cause issues with some other already installed development environments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-0810e6f4 gb-headline-text\"><strong>How to create the AVRGCCStart.cmd file?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Open the Windows <strong>Notepad<\/strong> application.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Press <strong>CTRL + S<\/strong> (to save).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Type in the name \u201c<strong>AVRGCCStart.cmd<\/strong>\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Choose a folder where to save the file &#8211; the \u201c<strong>Programs<\/strong>\u201d folder is a good choice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Add the following lines to the <strong>AVRGCCStart.cmd<\/strong>  file:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">set Path=%Path%;C:\\Users\\MY_USER_NAME\\Programs\\avr8-gnu-toolchain\\bin\nset Path=%Path%;C:\\Users\\MY_USER_NAME\\Programs\\avr8-gnu-toolchain\\avr\\bin\n\nstart cmd<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>That will add what is necessary to the Path and will open a command prompt window.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>IMPORTANT<\/strong>: Don\u2019t forget to replace <strong>MY_USER_NAME <\/strong>with your username.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Testing<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_01_c.png\" alt=\"AVR GCC\" class=\"wp-image-7240\" style=\"width:510px;height:240px\" width=\"510\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_01_c.png 680w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_01_c-300x141.png 300w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_01_c-600x282.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 510px) 100vw, 510px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Start the AVRGCCStart.cmd script.<br>In the command prompt execute:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">avr-gcc --version<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>That should output the version of the AVR GCC compiler. Something like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">avr-gcc (AVR_8_bit_GNU_Toolchain_3.6.2_1778) 5.4.0<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>That also means that everything is correctly installed and setup up to this point.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>GNU Make &#8211; on Windows<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In order to package all the compiled C or C++ source code into a HEX file in a convenient way, i.e. by using the so-called Makefile, we need the GNU Make program.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/GNU_Make_scfx.png\" alt=\"GNU Make\" class=\"wp-image-7250\" style=\"width:390px;height:390px\" width=\"390\" height=\"390\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/GNU_Make_scfx.png 520w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/GNU_Make_scfx-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/GNU_Make_scfx-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/GNU_Make_scfx-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>There are many bundles for Windows that contain the GNU Make &#8211; we are going to use the GnuWin Packages located at <a href=\"http:\/\/gnuwin32.sourceforge.net\/packages.html\">http:\/\/gnuwin32.sourceforge.net\/packages.html<\/a>. They are part of the <strong>GnuWin<\/strong> (also known as <strong>gnuwin32<\/strong>) project at <a href=\"http:\/\/gnuwin32.sourceforge.net\/\">http:\/\/gnuwin32.sourceforge.net\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the \u201c<strong>Programs<\/strong>\u201d folder create a \u201c<strong>gnuwin32<\/strong>\u201d sub-folder for the gnuwin32 packages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Download the Make packages from: <a href=\"http:\/\/gnuwin32.sourceforge.net\/packages\/make.htm\">http:\/\/gnuwin32.sourceforge.net\/packages\/make.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Locate the <strong>Binaries <\/strong>ZIP file. This should be something like \u201c<strong>make-3.81-bin.zip<\/strong>\u201d. Download it to your computer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Extract the contents in the <strong>gnuwin32<\/strong> folder.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The sub-folders and files should look like: bin, contrib, man, manifest, share.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>make.exe<\/strong> requires some additional libraries, so we should download also the <strong>Dependencies<\/strong> (a file like \u201cmake-3.81-dep.zip\u201d) from the same page and extract them at the same location.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Optionally, you could download and extract the <strong>Documentation<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NOTE<\/strong>: If the <strong>GnuWin32<\/strong> web page does not work for some reason, you can go directly to <a href=\"https:\/\/sourceforge.net\/projects\/gnuwin32\/files\/make\/3.81\/\">https:\/\/sourceforge.net\/projects\/gnuwin32\/files\/make\/3.81\/<\/a> and download the &#8220;<strong>make-3.81-bin.zip<\/strong>&#8221; file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Update AVRGCCStart<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Edit the AVRGCCStart.cmd script &#8211; add the following line (before the \u201cstart cmd\u201d line):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">set Path=%Path%;C:\\Users\\MY_USER_NAME\\Programs\\gnuwin32\\bin<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Don\u2019t forget to replace <strong>MY_USER_NAME <\/strong>with your username.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>IMPORTANT<\/strong>: Every time you update the content of the AVRGCCStart.cmd script &#8211; close its open windows (if there are any) and relaunch the script again, so the changes will take effect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Testing<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_02_c.png\" alt=\"Gnu Make\" class=\"wp-image-7247\" style=\"width:510px;height:240px\" width=\"510\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_02_c.png 680w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_02_c-300x141.png 300w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_02_c-600x282.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 510px) 100vw, 510px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In the command prompt execute:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">make --version<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>That should output the version of the GNU Make. Something like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">GNU Make 3.81<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>That also means that everything is correctly installed and setup up t this point.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>GNU CoreUtils for Windows<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/GNU-CoreUtils_c.png\" alt=\"GNU CoreUtils\" class=\"wp-image-7252\" style=\"width:495px;height:270px\" width=\"495\" height=\"270\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/GNU-CoreUtils_c.png 660w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/GNU-CoreUtils_c-300x164.png 300w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/GNU-CoreUtils_c-600x327.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Some Makefile files (like <strong>ls<\/strong>, <strong>rm<\/strong>, <strong>mv<\/strong>, <strong>mkdir<\/strong>, etc. &#8211; those we are going to use later) might need other GNU tools that are part of the GNU CoreUtils.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Download the CoreUtils package: <a href=\"http:\/\/gnuwin32.sourceforge.net\/packages\/coreutils.htm\">http:\/\/gnuwin32.sourceforge.net\/packages\/coreutils.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Locate the <strong>Binaries <\/strong>ZIP file. This should be something like \u201c<strong>coreutils-5.3.0-bin.zip<\/strong>\u201d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Extract the contents in the <strong>gnuwin32 <\/strong>folder.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Download and extract <strong>Dependencies<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Optionally, download and extract the <strong>Documentation<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>NOTE: Some of the files in the Dependencies package might already exist in the <strong>gnuwin32<\/strong> folder &#8211; it\u2019s OK to override (or skip) them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Recommended Packages<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Grep for Windows: <a href=\"http:\/\/gnuwin32.sourceforge.net\/packages\/grep.htm\">http:\/\/gnuwin32.sourceforge.net\/packages\/grep.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-54d622c0 gb-headline-text\"><strong>Alternatives<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>The GNU Make could also be downloaded from the <strong>Steve.fi<\/strong> (Steve Kemp) website:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/steve.fi\/software\/make\/\">https:\/\/steve.fi\/software\/make\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Please, note that those are quite old.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>Another alternative is the <strong>Gow<\/strong> (Gnu On Windows) project &#8211; a lightweight alternative to Cygwin.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/bmatzelle\/gow\">https:\/\/github.com\/bmatzelle\/gow<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Please, note that those are quite old.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Testing<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_03_c.png\" alt=\"GNU ls -la\" class=\"wp-image-7257\" style=\"width:510px;height:240px\" width=\"510\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_03_c.png 680w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_03_c-300x141.png 300w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_03_c-600x282.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 510px) 100vw, 510px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In the command prompt execute:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ls -la<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>That should list the files in the current folder. Something like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>total 20\ndrw-rw-rw-   2 neven 0     0 2021-12-28 17:09 .\ndrw-rw-rw-  32 neven 0 12288 2021-12-28 15:52 ..\n-rwxrwxrwx   1 neven 0   205 2021-12-28 17:37 AVRGCCStart.cmd\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>That also means that everything is correctly installed and setup up to this point.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>AVRDUDE on Windows<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/AVRDUDE-Logo.jpg\" alt=\"AVRDUDE Logo\" class=\"wp-image-7263\" style=\"width:428px;height:101px\" width=\"428\" height=\"101\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/AVRDUDE-Logo.jpg 570w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/AVRDUDE-Logo-300x71.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 428px) 100vw, 428px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>When we start compiling our programs and packaging them as HEX files we are going to need a program to upload them to the microcontroller. One such and very popular program is the <strong>AVRDUDE<\/strong>. And yes, there is, of course, a build for Windows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the \u201c<strong>Programs<\/strong>\u201d folder create an \u201c<strong>avrdude-mingw32<\/strong>\u201d sub-folder for the AVRDUDE package.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Go to <a href=\"https:\/\/download.savannah.gnu.org\/releases\/avrdude\/\">download.savannah.gnu.org\/releases\/avrdude\/<\/a> and locate the <strong>mingw32<\/strong> ZIP file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the time of writing this guide, the most recent version that works out of the box without the need to install additional libraries and\/or packages is <strong>6.3<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Download the <strong>AVRDUDE <\/strong>package: <a href=\"https:\/\/download.savannah.gnu.org\/releases\/avrdude\/avrdude-6.3-mingw32.zip\">download.savannah.gnu.org\/releases\/avrdude\/avrdude-6.3-mingw32.zip<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Locate the <strong>Binaries <\/strong>ZIP file. This should be something like \u201c<strong>avrdude-6.3-mingw32.zip<\/strong>\u201d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Extract the contents in the <strong>avrdude-mingw32<\/strong> folder.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>NOTE: The 6.4 version of the AVRDUDE requires the \u201c<strong>libhidapi-0.dll<\/strong>\u201d library that might not be available on your computer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The libusb0.dll problem<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This is important!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>avrdude <\/strong>program requires the <strong>libusb<\/strong> library located in the <strong>libusb0.dll<\/strong> file. Note that this file is <strong>not <\/strong>part of the AVRDUDE ZIP package.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The issue could get a bit more complicated because the driver installation procedure described in one of the sections below uses the <strong>Zadig<\/strong> (which is a great program). That will place a <strong>libusb0.dll<\/strong> file in the \u201c<strong>C:\\Windows\\System32<\/strong>\u201d folder, but that file might not be compatible with our <strong>AVRDUDE <\/strong>package.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is a short description of the <strong>problem<\/strong>. The <strong>libusb0.dll<\/strong> comes in 2 flavors &#8211; one to be used in the 32-bit and another one for 64-bit software. The <strong>AVRDUDE <\/strong>needs the 32bit version while <strong>Zadig <\/strong>comes with the 64-bit version.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is a <strong>solution <\/strong>to the problem. We will get a 32-bit flavor of the <strong>libusb0.dll<\/strong> and will put it in the same folder where <strong>AVRDUDE <\/strong>is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Getting the libusb0.dll<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>libusb0.dll<\/strong> file that is part of the <strong>libusbK <\/strong>project (located at <a href=\"https:\/\/sf.net\/p\/libusbk\">https:\/\/sf.net\/p\/libusbk<\/a>) is what we need.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The latest suitable release is <strong>3.1.0.0<\/strong> located at:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/sourceforge.net\/projects\/libusbk\/files\/libusbK-release\/3.1.0.0\/\">https:\/\/sourceforge.net\/projects\/libusbk\/files\/libusbK-release\/3.1.0.0\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Download the <strong>libusbK-3.1.0.0-bin.7z<\/strong> file and extract its contents in a temporary location.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Locate the <strong>\\libusbK-3.1.0.0-bin\\bin\\dll\\x86<\/strong> folder and the <strong>libusb0.dll<\/strong> file.<br>Check file properties, the \u201cDigital Signature\u201d tab and make sure that it is valid:<br>Travis Lee Robinson &#8211; \u200eTuesday, \u200e17 \u200eJanuary, \u200e2012 19:40:19<br>Copy the <strong>libusb0.dll<\/strong> file over to our AVRDUDE folder &#8211; <strong>avrdude-mingw32<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-030053ea gb-headline-text\"><strong>Alternatives<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>There is AVRDUDE (by mariusgreuel) located at <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/mariusgreuel\/avrdude\">https:\/\/github.com\/mariusgreuel\/avrdude<\/a>. It includes all the necessary libraries in the binary.<br>NOTE: Might not work on 32-bit Windows.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Update AVRGCCStart<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Add the following line to the AVRGCCStart.cmd script (before the \u201cstart cmd\u201d line):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">set Path=%Path%;C:\\Users\\MY_USER_NAME\\Programs\\avrdude-mingw32<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Testing<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_04_c.png\" alt=\"AVRDUDE\" class=\"wp-image-7265\" style=\"width:510px;height:240px\" width=\"510\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_04_c.png 680w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_04_c-300x141.png 300w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_04_c-600x282.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 510px) 100vw, 510px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In the command prompt execute:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">avrdude -v<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>That should output the version of the AVRDUDE . Something like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">avrdude: Version 6.3, compiled on Feb 17 2016 at 09:25:53<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>That also means that everything is correctly installed and setup up to this point.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>USB Programmer Drivers<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To upload the compiled and packaged binary code (in the form of a HEX file) into the microcontroller we will need a Programmer. In most cases that is a USB device. A very popular device is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fischl.de\/usbasp\/\">USBasp<\/a> programmer. Under Windows such devices require an additional driver to be installed for them to work properly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the best and easiest ways to install a driver for that kind of Programmer is to use the <a href=\"https:\/\/zadig.akeo.ie\">Zadig<\/a> program.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Download the latest EXE file from <a href=\"https:\/\/zadig.akeo.ie\">https:\/\/zadig.akeo.ie<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Insert your USBasp programmer into the USB of your computer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Run the program. You may need to click on some warning buttons that Windows will show you.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"716\" height=\"318\" src=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220102_Zadig_01e.jpg\" alt=\"Zadig libusbK\" class=\"wp-image-7325\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220102_Zadig_01e.jpg 716w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220102_Zadig_01e-300x133.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220102_Zadig_01e-600x266.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 716px) 100vw, 716px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"716\" height=\"318\" src=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220102_Zadig_02e.jpg\" alt=\"Zadig libusb-win32\" class=\"wp-image-7326\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220102_Zadig_02e.jpg 716w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220102_Zadig_02e-300x133.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220102_Zadig_02e-600x266.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 716px) 100vw, 716px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220102_Device_Manager_02_cse.jpg\" alt=\"Device Manager USBasp\" class=\"wp-image-7333\" style=\"width:362px;height:182px\" width=\"362\" height=\"182\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220102_Device_Manager_02_cse.jpg 724w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220102_Device_Manager_02_cse-300x151.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220102_Device_Manager_02_cse-600x302.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 362px) 100vw, 362px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Choose the correct driver which is the \u201c<strong>libusbK<\/strong>\u201d.<br>Note: on 32-bit WIndows you need to choose <strong>libusb-win32<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Press the \u201cInstall\u201d button.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>You might need to wait a minute or two.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Check on Windows Device Manager if the driver was installed correctly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Testing<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_05_c.png\" alt=\"AVRDUDE\" class=\"wp-image-7267\" style=\"width:510px;height:240px\" width=\"510\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_05_c.png 680w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_05_c-300x141.png 300w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_05_c-600x282.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 510px) 100vw, 510px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s now check if the USBasp programmer could communicate with our microcontroller (ATtiny85). First, make sure that the USBasp programmer is inserted in the USB and connected to the microcontroller board. Execute this command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">avrdude -c usbasp -p t85<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The result should be something like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions\nReading | ################################################## | 100% 0.09s\navrdude: Device signature = 0x1e930b (probably t85)\navrdude: safemode: Fuses OK (E:FF, H:DF, L:62)\navrdude done.  Thank you.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>If we have a microcontroller different than the one specified in the command (ATtiny85) the <strong>avrdude<\/strong> will suggest what it might be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Other Useful Tools<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Those were the minimum tools that we will need to compile our source code for the <strong>AVR <\/strong>platform.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The following are recommended but not required additional tools.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Shell &#8211; BASH<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/bash-1.png\" alt=\"bash\" class=\"wp-image-7277\" style=\"width:480px;height:220px\" width=\"480\" height=\"220\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/bash-1.png 960w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/bash-1-300x138.png 300w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/bash-1-768x352.png 768w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/bash-1-600x275.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>It will be convenient to have a console that is a bit better than the Windows Command Prompt. A good alternative is the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bash_(Unix_shell)\">BASH<\/a> shell. Developed as part of the GNU Project it is now used on many other operating systems including <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Linux\">Linux<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Android_(operating_system)\">Android<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MacOS\">Mac OS<\/a>, and of course &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microsoft_Windows\">Windows<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>OPTION-<\/strong>1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>We have put together an archive that consists of the bash.exe and a few other necessary .dll files. It is located at our GitLab repository:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/gitlab.com\/tinusaur\/bash-mingw\/-\/releases\">https:\/\/gitlab.com\/tinusaur\/bash-mingw\/-\/releases<\/a>, <br>and also at our GitHub repository<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/tinusaur\/bash-mingw\/releases\">https:\/\/github.com\/tinusaur\/bash-mingw\/releases<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Download the ZIP archive and extract it at a temporary location.<br>Copy the \u201c<strong>bash-mingw<\/strong>\u201d sub-folder to the \u201c<strong>Programs<\/strong>\u201d folder.<br>The BASH executable will be located in the \u201c<strong>Programs\\bash-mingw\\bin<\/strong>\u201c folder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-19eab4f6 gb-headline-text\"><strong>OPTION-<\/strong>2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>At Steve.fi &#8211; (Steve Kemp&#8217;s website) there is a Windows binary for download. It is quite old but still works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the \u201c<strong>Programs<\/strong>\u201d folder create a \u201c<strong>bash<\/strong>\u201d sub-folder for the <strong>bash<\/strong> package.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Go to the website: <a href=\"https:\/\/steve.fi\/software\/bash\/\">https:\/\/steve.fi\/software\/bash\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Locate the download link: <a href=\"https:\/\/steve.fi\/software\/bash\/bash-203.zip\">https:\/\/steve.fi\/software\/bash\/bash-203.zip<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Download and save the ZIP file.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Extract the contents into a temporary location. There will be a <strong>bash-2.03<\/strong> folder.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>From the <strong>bash-2.03<\/strong> folder, copy&nbsp; 2 files: bash.exe and bash.dll, into the \u201c<strong>Programs\/bash<\/strong>\u201d folder.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Optionally, you could also copy the <strong>.bash.rc<\/strong> file in your home folder:<br><strong><code>C:\\Users\\MY_USER_NAME\\<\/code><br><\/strong>Edit it &#8211; if you know how it functions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>NOTE: The executables are really old &#8211; some of them date back to 1998, 1999.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-a66cf4db gb-headline-text\"><strong>Alternatives<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>win-bash &#8211; A stand-alone bash for Windows<br><a href=\"http:\/\/win-bash.sourceforge.net\">http:\/\/win-bash.sourceforge.net<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How To Install Bash On Windows 10<br><a href=\"https:\/\/hackernoon.com\/how-to-install-bash-on-windows-10-lqb73yj3\">https:\/\/hackernoon.com\/how-to-install-bash-on-windows-10-lqb73yj3<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Update AVRGCCStart<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Add the following line to the AVRGCCStart.cmd script (before the \u201cstart cmd\u201d line):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">set Path=%Path%;C:\\Users\\MY_USER_NAME\\Programs\\bash-mingw\\bin<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Replace the line:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">start cmd<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>With:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">set HOME=%USERPROFILE%\nstart bash<\/pre>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_09_c.png\" alt=\"bash\" class=\"wp-image-7274\" style=\"width:300px;height:225px\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_09_c.png 400w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_09_c-300x225.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Testing<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Start the AVRGCCStart script.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It should look like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">bash-3.1$_<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Note: You might see some warning messages about a missing \u201ctmp\u201d folder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Text editor &#8211; nano<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A console-based text editor will be (optional) a nice finish!<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/nano_c-1024x488.png\" alt=\"nano\" class=\"wp-image-7281\" style=\"width:512px;height:244px\" width=\"512\" height=\"244\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/nano_c-1024x488.png 1024w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/nano_c-300x143.png 300w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/nano_c-768x366.png 768w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/nano_c-600x286.png 600w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/nano_c.png 1050w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The nano text editor is very popular and is available even for Windows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>GNU nano for Windows<\/strong> is a good option and it is located at:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/lhmouse\/nano-win\">https:\/\/github.com\/lhmouse\/nano-win<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The package could be downloaded from this page:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/files.lhmouse.com\/nano-win\/\">https:\/\/files.lhmouse.com\/nano-win\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Look for the latest build at the bottom. Should be something like \u201c<strong>nano-win_9732_v5.9-10-ga2d202368.7z<\/strong>\u201d. Download it and extract it into a temporary location. It should look like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><strong>pkg_i686-w64-mingw32<\/strong> (this is the 32-bit version)<br><strong>pkg_x86_64-w64-mingw32<\/strong> (this is the 64-bit version)<br><strong>.nanorc<\/strong><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>In the \u201c<strong>Programs<\/strong>\u201d folder create a \u201c<strong>nano<\/strong>\u201d sub-folder for the <strong>nano<\/strong> package.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pick a folder for a 32 or 64 bit version, depending on your computer, and copy its contents (something like <strong>bin<\/strong>, <strong>share<\/strong>, etc.) to the&nbsp; \u201c<strong>nano<\/strong>\u201d sub-folder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Optionally, copy the <strong>.nanorc<\/strong> file to your home folder.<br><strong><code>C:\\Users\\MY_USER_NAME\\<\/code><\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-9def87a0 gb-headline-text\"><strong>Alternatives<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>nano for Windows<br><a href=\"https:\/\/sourceforge.net\/projects\/nano-for-windows\/\">https:\/\/sourceforge.net\/projects\/nano-for-windows\/<br><\/a>Note: this is a version of the one above.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nano &#8211; Text editor \/ win32-support<br><a href=\"https:\/\/nano-editor.org\/dist\/win32-support\/\">https:\/\/nano-editor.org\/dist\/win32-support\/<br><\/a>Note: might not work on a 32-bit Windows.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Update AVRGCCStart<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Add the following line to the AVRGCCStart.cmd script (before the \u201cstart cmd\u201d or \u201cstart bash\u201d line):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">set Path=%Path%;C:\\Users\\MY_USER_NAME\\Programs\\nano\\bin<\/pre>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_06_c.png\" alt=\"nano\" class=\"wp-image-7287\" style=\"width:498px;height:498px\" width=\"498\" height=\"498\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_06_c.png 498w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_06_c-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_06_c-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_06_c-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 498px) 100vw, 498px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Testing<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>In the command prompt execute:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">nano --version<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>That should output the version of the <strong>nano<\/strong>. Something like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">GNU nano from git, v5.9-10-gbe0fb5d4a<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>In the command prompt execute:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">nano<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>That should start the <strong>nano<\/strong> editor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To exit the editor press <strong>CTRL + X<\/strong>.<br>The \u201c<strong>^<\/strong>\u201d symbol in the menu means that you have to press the \u201c<strong>CTRL<\/strong>\u201d key.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Update AVRGCCStart<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Before we start the command prompt with either \u201c<strong>cmd<\/strong>\u201d or \u201c<strong>bash<\/strong>\u201d, we could go to the Home or other folder (let\u2019s say our projects folder).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Add a line to the script before the \u201c<strong>start bash<\/strong>\u201d line:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">cd %HOME%<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>At this point the contents of the <strong>AVRGCCStart.cmd<\/strong> file should be something like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">set Path=%Path%;C:\\Users\\MY_USER_NAME\\Programs\\avr8-gnu-toolchain\\bin\nset Path=%Path%;C:\\Users\\MY_USER_NAME\\Programs\\avr8-gnu-toolchain\\avr\\bin\nset Path=%Path%;C:\\Users\\MY_USER_NAME\\Programs\\gnuwin32\\bin\nset Path=%Path%;C:\\Users\\MY_USER_NAME\\Programs\\avrdude-mingw32\nset Path=%Path%;C:\\Users\\MY_USER_NAME\\Programs\\bash-mingw\\bin\nset Path=%Path%;C:\\Users\\MY_USER_NAME\\Programs\\nano\\bin\n\nset HOME=%USERPROFILE%\ncd %HOME%\nstart bash<\/pre>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_07_c.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7293\" style=\"width:380px;height:380px\" width=\"380\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_07_c.png 380w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_07_c-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_07_c-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220101_SS_07_c-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 380px) 100vw, 380px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. <strong>AVR GCC \u201cHello, World!\u201d<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s now write our first program &#8211; the \u201cHello, World!\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the world of microcontrollers, this is the Blinking LED program.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But, before that let\u2019s see if we can write, compile, package, and upload any program.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>AVR GCC &#8211; The \u201cEmpty\u201d Program<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s first create a folder (if it doesn&#8217;t already exist) where we will put all our projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">mkdir Projects<br>cd Projects<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s now create a working folder. Let\u2019s call it \u201c<strong>avr-gcc-empty<\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">mkdir avr-gcc-empty<br>cd avr-gcc-empty<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s write just a few lines of code in a \u201c<strong>main.c<\/strong>\u201d file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Start the <strong>nano<\/strong> with a new file &#8211; <strong>main.c<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">nano main.c<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Enter the code:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: cpp; title: ; quick-code: false; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nint main(void) {\n    return 0;\n}\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Compile<\/strong> the source code:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">avr-gcc main.c -o main.elf<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Note: the result will be an ELF file &#8211; <strong>main.elf<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We need to convert it to a HEX file,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>Convert<\/strong> to HEX:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">avr-objcopy main.elf -O ihex main.hex<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The result is a <strong>main.hex<\/strong> file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s see what&#8217;s inside of the file:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">cat main.hex<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The result should look li this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">:10000000CF93DF93CDB7DEB780E090E0DF91CF9163<br>:02001000089551<br>:00000001FF<\/pre>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220102_avrdude_01_c.png\" alt=\"AVRDUDE USBasp Test\" class=\"wp-image-7351\" style=\"width:660px;height:540px\" width=\"660\" height=\"540\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220102_avrdude_01_c.png 880w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220102_avrdude_01_c-300x245.png 300w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220102_avrdude_01_c-768x628.png 768w, https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/20220102_avrdude_01_c-600x491.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Now, with the AVRDUDE we could upload that file into the microcontroller:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong>Upload <\/strong>the HEX:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">avrdude -c usbasp -p t85 -U flash:w:\"main.hex\":a<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>In this example \u201c<strong>-p t85<\/strong>\u201d specifies that the microcontroller is an ATtiny85.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>NOTE that this program does not do anything. It is just an example of checking our setup.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We could also take a look at the assembly instructions of our program:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">avr-objdump main.elf -d<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The result should look li this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>   0:   cf 93           push    r28\n   2:   df 93           push    r29\n   4:   cd b7           in      r28, 0x3d       ; 61\n   6:   de b7           in      r29, 0x3e       ; 62\n   8:   80 e0           ldi     r24, 0x00       ; 0\n   a:   90 e0           ldi     r25, 0x00       ; 0\n   c:   df 91           pop     r29\n   e:   cf 91           pop     r28\n  10:   08 95           ret<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>If we add the \u201c-Os\u201d the compilation will be performed and optimized for smaller code sizes. Let\u2019s try this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">avr-gcc main.c -Os -o main.elf<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Then, check the assembly instructions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">avr-objdump main.elf -d<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The result will be something like that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>   0:   80 e0           ldi     r24, 0x00       ; 0\n   2:   90 e0           ldi     r25, 0x00       ; 0\n   4:   08 95           ret<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>It is really obvious that the code size is much smaller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The real \u201cHello, World!\u201d program<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For how to write a real \u201cHello, World!\u201d program that actually does Blinking LED look at the \u201c<strong>AVR GCC Hello World<\/strong>\u201d tutorial. (<strong><em>COMING SOON<\/em><\/strong>)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This tutorial will guide you through the installation and setup of the AVR GCC Toolchain under Microsoft Windows. You&#8217;ll also learn how to install some additional and useful tools that will help you write easier your first microcontroller programs. Prerequisites What do we need to complete this guide? NOTE: It takes about 2 hours for &#8230; <a title=\"AVR GCC Toolchain &#8211; Setup for Windows\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/tinusaur.com\/guides\/avr-gcc-toolchain\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about AVR GCC Toolchain &#8211; Setup for Windows\">&nbsp; Learn more &#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7315,"parent":1274,"menu_order":90,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[385,386,280,388,384,194],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>AVR GCC Toolchain - Setup for Windows - TINUSAUR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This tutorial will guide you through the installation and setup of the AVR GCC Toolchain under Microsoft Windows. 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